“That” and “which” are both commonly used relative pronouns, but they have different functions and uses in sentences. Understanding when to use each one correctly can help improve your writing and make your sentences clearer. Here’s a guide on when to use “that” and “which” with examples.
When to Use “That”
“That” is used to introduce a restrictive (or defining) clause. A restrictive clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence because it provides information that identifies the noun it modifies. Without the restrictive clause, the sentence would lose its intended meaning or become unclear.
Examples:
1.The book that I borrowed from the library was fascinating.
- In this sentence, “that I borrowed” is a restrictive clause. It specifies which book is being referred to. Without this clause, the sentence would be unclear about which book was fascinating.
2.The car that he drives is a classic Mustang.
- Here, “that he drives” is essential to identify which car is being talked about. Without it, the sentence would lose specific meaning.
3.The recipe that she used turned out delicious.
- The clause “that she used” is necessary to specify which recipe is being referred to.
When to Use “Which”
“Which” is used to introduce a non-restrictive (or non-defining) clause. A non-restrictive clause provides additional information about the noun it modifies, but this information is not essential to the main meaning of the sentence. Non-restrictive clauses are set off by commas.
Examples:
1.The book, which I borrowed from the library, was fascinating.
- In this sentence, “which I borrowed from the library” is a non-restrictive clause. It adds extra information about the book, but the main meaning of the sentence (the book was fascinating) would still be clear without it.
2.The car, which is parked outside, is a classic Mustang.
- Here, “which is parked outside” adds additional information but is not essential to identify the car.
3.The recipe, which she found online, turned out delicious.
- The clause “which she found online” provides extra information but is not necessary for the main meaning of the sentence.
Conclusion
- Use “that” for essential information (restrictive clauses) without commas.
- Use “which” for extra information (non-restrictive clauses) with commas.
By understanding the difference between “that” and “which,” you can make your writing more precise and clear.